{"id":305,"date":"2024-10-18T07:54:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T07:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/markettrend.ro\/?p=305"},"modified":"2024-11-17T14:07:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:07:59","slug":"salarii-prductivitate-si-ma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/markettrend.ro\/index.php\/2024\/10\/18\/salarii-prductivitate-si-ma\/","title":{"rendered":"Despre salarii, productivitate, taxe \u0219i m\u0103suri de stimulare economic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sau mai bine zis, de unde \u00ee\u021bi bei cafeaua?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nu \u0219tiu cat de mul\u021bi oameni sunt con\u0219tien\u021bi de: ce anume \u00eenseamn\u0103 salariul pe care \u00eel primesc pentru productivitatea firmei \u0219i mai ales pentru eforturile pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le fac\u0103 managementul pentru a asigura un flux constant de cash. Scopul articolului este mai mult educativ, nu \u00eencerc s\u0103 demonstrez ceva anume, a\u0219a c\u0103 dac\u0103 ave\u021bi comentarii…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ca s\u0103 pun totu\u0219i lucrurile \u00een context, chiar ieri vorbeam cu un prieten care la fel ca \u0219i mine este conectat la industria auto \u0219i \u00eemi spunea de un produc\u0103tor de componente care \u00ee\u0219i mut\u0103 produc\u021bia din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een Maroc. Pentru a \u00een\u021belege la ce m\u0103 refer, v\u0103 sugerez dac\u0103 ave\u021bi timp s\u0103 citi\u021bi despre efectele salariului minim \u0219i competitivitate<\/a>. Este chiar edificator pentru ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een prezent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ceea ce vreau s\u0103 transmit este c\u0103 pe termen lung, nici o companie, oric\u00e2t de mult ar iubi Rom\u00e2nia, statul \u0219i poporul rom\u00e2n nu \u00ee\u0219i va sacrifica viitorul \u0219i profitul de dragul politicilor economice de pe plaiuri mioritice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cam c\u00e2\u021bi bani \u00eenseamn\u0103 salariul t\u0103u? Dar cafeaua ta?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 e\u0219ti angajat \u00eentr-o companie care este produc\u0103toare de profit \u0219i aceasta func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe principii economice, adic\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pl\u0103te\u0219te toate taxele \u0219i dore\u0219te s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul exerci\u021biului cu un profit net care s\u0103 \u00eei permit\u0103 s\u0103 continue opera\u021biunile \u0219i \u00een anul fiscal urm\u0103tor. Nimic special.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0103 mai presupunem c\u0103 ai negociat un salariu net de 5000RON lunar (nici m\u0103car nu este un salariu foarte mare) – aceasta presupune c\u0103 salariul t\u0103u brut este de 8548 RON, la care se vor mai ad\u0103uga din partea angajatorului 192RON in contribu\u021bie asiguratorie pt munc\u0103. Asta presupune c\u0103 firma va avea un efort de 8740RON la momentul scrierii acestui articol (octombrie 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0103 presupunem acum c\u0103 firma la care munce\u0219ti activeaz\u0103 \u00een domeniul Horeca unde marja medie de profit este \u00eentre 5-15% anual. Pt simplitate vom spune c\u0103 este de 10%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un caz mai concret<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 presupunem mai departe c\u0103 firma are costuri egale cu salariul tau, \u0219i are un adaos mediu de 100% asta ne arat\u0103 c\u0103 ar trebui ca \u00een fiecare lun\u0103 s\u0103 \u201dproduci\u201d v\u00e2nz\u0103ri de aproximativ 39000RON (fara TVA). Dac\u0103 business-ul este o cafenea asta se traduce \u00een cca 3900 de espresso pe lun\u0103 v\u00e2ndute la 12RON per espresso (ca s\u0103 ne facem o idee).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evident calculul este grosier. Dar \u00een cazul \u00een care vinzi produse cu adaos mic, sau firma ta produce piese auto, …sau mai r\u0103u este un produc\u0103tor de confec\u021bii \u00een lohn, po\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenmul\u021be\u0219ti cu 10 cifrele din finalul articolului ca s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi faci o idee despre nevoia de productivitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iar cam un sfert din banii pe care \u00eei produci ai ghicit – vor pleca sub form\u0103 de taxe. Mai exact, dac\u0103 raportul de angaja\u021bi care nu lucreaz\u0103 \u00een mod direct cu clien\u021bii este de 1:2 (crede\u021bi-m\u0103 este un raport bun), \u00een situa\u021bia angajatului din Horeca, v\u00e2nz\u0103tor de espresso – asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 aproximativ 7600RON \u00een taxe directe, doar din activitate. la care dac\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m \u0219i TVA-ul – ne ducem spre 11 500 RON. Dar s\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 nu este cazul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cazul nostru, dac\u0103 proprietarul dore\u0219te sa ridice profitul sub form\u0103 de dividende, \u00eel mai cost\u0103 cam 400 RON \u0219i nu am pus toate taxele aici. Va mai urma o tura de taxe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218tiu c\u0103 toate cifrele astea arat\u0103 complicat. Cred \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 cel mai simplu ar fi s\u0103 le vedem sub forma unui tabel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e2nz\u0103ri<\/strong><\/td>39000<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Costuri<\/strong><\/td>37000<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Salarii<\/td>8750<\/td><\/tr>
Costuri indirecte<\/td>8750<\/td><\/tr>
Cafea +costuri directe<\/td>19500<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
Gross profit<\/strong><\/td>2000<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Taxe Profit<\/td>320<\/td><\/tr>
Taxe Dividende<\/td>84<\/td><\/tr>
Net<\/strong><\/td>1596<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Evident este un calcul grosier care insa ne ajuta sa ne facem o idee despre productivitatea teoretic\u0103 pe care o putem avea cu o afacere mic\u0103 \u00een mediul din Rom\u00e2nia. Se vede cu ochiul liber c\u0103 singura variant\u0103 viabil\u0103 este scalarea la un nivel de cel pu\u021bin 4-5 ori mai mare. Acest lucru \u00eens\u0103 presupune alte costuri \u0219i alte riscuri asociate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218i revin acum la \u00eentrebarea de la care am pornit. Pentru ca o afacere mic\u0103 s\u0103 poat\u0103 oferi un salariu net de 5000RON este necesar s\u0103 realizeze v\u00e2nz\u0103ri de 8 ori mai mari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am deschis acest subiect pentru a ar\u0103ta oamenilor nu numai riscurile \u0219i eforturile pe care le face un business mic, ci pentru a ne da seama de nevoia de productivitate din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care sunt tot mai multe presiuni pe cre\u0219terile de taxe \u0219i pe salarii. Urmeaz\u0103 alegerile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u0219 vrea s\u0103 fim con\u0219tien\u021bi c\u0103 orice legiferare a unei cre\u0219teri de salariu minim pe economie afecteaz\u0103 de fapt companiile mici \u0219i creaz\u0103 un avantaj suplimentar companiilor mari. Iar dintr-o marj\u0103 de 110% \u00een cazul unei cafenele cu un singur angajat – marj\u0103 care poate s\u0103 par\u0103 consistent\u0103, asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 de fapt, la un salariu de 5000RON pentru angajat, 4154RON la care se mai adaug\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 cca 7000RON pt statul rom\u00e2n \u0219i \u00een cel mai bun caz aproape 1600RON pentru antreprenor dac\u0103 reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 v\u00e2nd\u0103 3900 de espresso pe lun\u0103 cu 12RON bucata. Nu am luat aici \u00een calcul recuperarea investi\u021biei, taxele pe care statul le \u00eencaseaz\u0103 din chirie, profitul v\u00e2nz\u0103torului de cafea vrac, \u0219amd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar asta nu e tot. Din cei 5000 pe care \u00eei ia angajatul, \u00een cazul \u00een care omul nostru \u00eei cheltuie pe to\u021bi (cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu peste 70% din for\u021ba de munc\u0103 din \u021bara noastr\u0103) statul rom\u00e2n va mai taxa cam \u00eenc\u0103 o cincime prin taxe indirecte (adic\u0103 TVA \u0219i accize) – deci \u00eenc\u0103 1000RON pt statul rom\u00e2n. (Acela\u0219i lucru este valabil \u0219i pentru banii antreprenorului)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iar \u00een cazul \u00een care antreprenorul nostru nu face profit, statul tot taxeaz\u0103 3750 RON + banii din TVA (daca vinde 1500 de espresso sunt cu pu\u021bin sub 3000RON) si impozitele pe chirie + \u00eenc\u0103 ni\u0219te taxe la furnizori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen realitate \u00eens\u0103 este aproape imposibil s\u0103 vinzi 3900 de espresso pe lun\u0103 cu un singur angajat dac\u0103 nu e\u0219ti \u00eentr-un mall (\u0219i atunci se schimb\u0103 din nou datele problemei) Cifrele sunt probabil altele pentru c\u0103 vinzi \u0219i alte specialit\u0103\u021bi de cafea, ap\u0103 sau alte produse care \u00ee\u021bi permit mai mult\u0103 flexibilitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mi-ar pl\u0103cea \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 fim con\u0219tien\u021bi de <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. efortul necesar \u0219i riscurile la care sunt supuse firmele mici din Rom\u00e2nia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. responsabilitatea real\u0103 pe care o are de fapt statul pentru c\u0103 este principalul beneficiar \u0219i orice decizie politico-economic\u0103 este de fapt mult mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t pare la prima vedere<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 de fapt salariul nostru net pentru firmele la care lucr\u0103m<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. cam c\u00e2t de mici sunt taxele cu adev\u0103rat<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u0219i poate nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, de unde ne bem cafeaua pentru c\u0103 este mai important dec\u00e2t ar putea p\u0103rea la prima vedere \ud83d\ude42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sau mai bine zis, de unde \u00ee\u021bi bei cafeaua? Nu \u0219tiu cat de mul\u021bi oameni sunt con\u0219tien\u021bi de: ce anume \u00eenseamn\u0103 salariul pe care \u00eel primesc pentru productivitatea firmei \u0219i mai ales pentru eforturile pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le fac\u0103 managementul pentru a asigura un flux constant de cash. Scopul articolului este mai mult […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":309,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[33,31,34,32],"class_list":["post-305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-macro","tag-costuri","tag-productivitate-2","tag-salarii-2","tag-taxe-2"],"yoast_head":"\nDespre salarii, productivitate, taxe \u0219i m\u0103suri de stimulare economic\u0103 - Market Trend<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e2teva idei despre nevoia real\u0103 de productivitate \u00een mediul economic din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i rolul a\u0219a numitelor decizii cu rol economic.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/markettrend.ro\/index.php\/2024\/10\/18\/salarii-prductivitate-si-ma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Despre salarii, productivitate, taxe \u0219i m\u0103suri de stimulare economic\u0103 - 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